Each battery has two metal terminals.
Positive and negative car battery terminals.
The red one is positive the black one is negative.
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The grounded terminal connects to a grounded source on the vehicle.
It is usually color coded black.
There are also positive and negative cables in the jumper cable set.
I am assuming you are referring to installing a battery not performing a jump start.
The good battery should have the positive jumper cable attached to the positive battery terminal and the negative jumper cable attached to the negative battery terminal.
And of course always reconnect the ground last.
Find the batteries and their terminals.
Subsequent shorting of the positive terminal to ground will then produce no current flow because the current has no return path to the negative post.
One is marked positive the other negative.
The math can get a little complicated but the main reason that you can safely touch the positive and negative terminals of a typical car battery and walk away unscathed has to do with the voltage of the battery.
A negative terminal is the grounded terminal on a car battery typically marked by a minus sign.
The negative terminal of a battery is connected to the chassis of the car and as a consequence it is grounded.
Never connect the red cable to the negative battery terminal or a vehicle with a dead.
When disconnecting a battery the negative terminal is disconnected first to cut off the circuit and avoid a short.
If you first connect the negative cable then when you connect the positive cable there is a chance the wrench will complete a circuit.
The other terminal is positive usually color coded red or orange and marked with a plus sign.
That is why the negative terminal is called the ground terminal.
It is only a safety issue.